Introduction:-
There are some people in the world, who can change the world
by their creation, though they are very few in numbers. Albert
Einstein was such a person in 20th century. As Sir Isaac Newton
shook all the scientific thoughts by his Gravitational Theory, in
the same way, Einstein shook the whole world through his most
important invention----the most well known equation
E=mc2 of "The Theory Of Relativity".
A brief biography:-
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in
Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family
moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the
Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued
his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the
Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a
teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his
diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to
find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant
in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree
and his essay "On The Electrodynamics Of Moving Bodies" was
published in a journal. This was the start. But the world neglected
his talent. But all the mysteries of the of universe and the
characteristics of matters were hidden in that essay!
It was 1920. 'Relativity : the special and the general theory'
was published. Now this caused an agitation among the scientists,
because the theory shook all the scientific thoughts. Through the
equation E = mc2, he wanted to say
that, the matters can be turned into energy and vise-versa. The
scientists had to accept the theory for its logical and scientific
explanation. This was considered the best invention of the
century.
Four years after this invention, he joined Zurich University
in Switzerland as the professor of physics.At the age of 40 years,
he travelled France, England, America, Japan, China,
Palestine.
It was 1933. Adolph Hitler appeared as the ordainer of fate of
Germany. He was a hostile of the Jews. Einstein was then the
professor of Berlin University. Hitler took away all the property
of Einstein for his hatred. So Einstein became a citizen of America
in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.
His Scientific Works:-
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems
of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy
of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to
his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere
stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the
inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of
relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of
mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with
classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which
they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of
the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal
properties of light with a low radiation density and his
observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
After his retirement he continued to work towards the
unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite
approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
Honors:-
In 1921 Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his
discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". He received
honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from
many European and American universities. During the 1920's he
lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded
Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies
throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of
his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London
in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in
1935.
Personal Life:-
Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in
intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an
important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and
they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in
1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal,
who died in 1936.
Death:-
He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.
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